{"id":57201,"date":"2019-04-15T20:05:42","date_gmt":"2019-04-15T19:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eco123.info\/en\/?p=57201"},"modified":"2019-10-02T23:06:22","modified_gmt":"2019-10-02T22:06:22","slug":"the-municipalities-are-becoming-increasingly-aware","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eco123.info\/en\/portugal-en\/interviews-en\/the-municipalities-are-becoming-increasingly-aware\/","title":{"rendered":"The municipalities are becoming increasingly aware"},"content":{"rendered":"

We are in Lisbon, Cais do Sodr\u00e9, near the Tagus river, with the 25th of April Bridge in the background. It is February 2019. We are exchanging ideas with Dr Sofia Sim\u00f5es, an environmental engineer. She is 48 years old, married, and the mother of two children, aged nine and thirteen. She works on a national scale for the Faculty of Science and Technology at Lisbon\u2019s Nova University. A while ago, she began to think and work on a supranational scale for various countries in the European Union. She returned from Brussels yesterday. “I have lived in Sweden; I also lived and studied for three years in Holland and spent a summer in London,\u201d says Sofia Sim\u00f5es, born on the island\u2028of Santa Maria in the Azores. She always returns there when she can because she believes that the people there are better able to appreciate the small pleasures of life. Besides the national and international scale, the environmental engineer is very interested in working on a local scale. \u201cOver the years I\u2019ve noticed that there is sometimes a lot that can\u2019t be done on a national scale. There are many lobbies and interests … When we are closer to people, at a local level, a lot of things can happen,\u201d she told ECO 123.<\/p>\n

The Paris Agreement is seeking to achieve carbon neutrality for the planet by 2050. We have an obligation to reduce CO2 emissions by at least 40% by 2030. How can this be done?
\n<\/strong>In Portugal, this will not be very difficult, because of all the renewable electricity available to us. If we close the coal plant at Sines, we will soon reduce emissions by 12%. We must continue to invest in wind and solar energy.<\/p>\n

Is mobility your greatest concern?
\n<\/strong>We haven\u2019t invested in the rail network since the 80s. So far, we have seen one line after another being closed down all across the country. It\u2019s a great pity! We need to get back to having a good railway network and I don\u2019t think that’s going to happen.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Clique para aumentar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

There is only one railway line from the north to the south of the country and just a single train that connects Portugal to Spain. It leaves once a day from Santa Apol\u00f3nia station in Lisbon, at 9.35 pm. Is there going to be a plan for decarbonisation in the transport sector?<\/strong>Yes, I think so. Perhaps no one knows that, for example, in Vienna \u2013 an Austrian city \u2013 all inhabitants have a transport pass for one euro a day. They can travel for 365 euros over the year. How is it possible that we don\u2019t have the means for our current public transport? Our public transport is expensive! The monthly cost of a season ticket to cross the bridge \u2013 from Set\u00fabal to Lisbon \u2013 is 160 euros.<\/p>\n

Let’s talk about CO2 mitigation in cities. We have looked at your project which was completed in \u00c9vora, namely INSMART. How can a city like \u00c9vora reduce its carbon footprint in a radical way?
\n<\/strong>It can\u2019t. To revitalise the historic centre, they have been acting on two fronts: removing traffic and constructing car parks.<\/p>\n

Out of town?
\n<\/strong>No, near the centre, for the residents. People need a car, they need a place to park, and it will make a difference regardless of whether they have a home there or not. Therefore, parking is not only for the locals, but also for the people who go shopping. A Residents Support Office was also built in the historic centre with the aim of improving the routes. We talked about concrete issues with which people identify.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

How did you obtain measurements of the emissions of citizens?
\n<\/strong>What we did in \u00c9vora, when we talked about these 3.7 tons of CO2 per citizen, was to measure energy consumption, not only energy, but also all emissions: electricity, fuel for cars, agricultural machinery like tractors (diesel and petrol)… \u00c9vora is a rural area. We also considered the few solar thermal panels (they also produce energy, although they have no associated carbon dioxide emissions) and gas (if it is used for cooking, heating water and heating houses, it is a source of energy that causes CO2).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

Fizeram uma pesquisa pessoa por pessoa?
\n<\/strong>Fizemos tudo junto. Fal\u00e1mos com a EDP, com a C\u00e2mara Municipal, com as empresas locais de g\u00e1s, por exemplo, com a distribuidora de g\u00e1s natural. Depois fizemos inqu\u00e9ritos porta a porta. Portanto, and\u00e1mos a perguntar a pessoas como os estudantes da Universidade de \u00c9vora\u2026 Fomos a mais de 100 casas em \u00c9vora e pergunt\u00e1mos: como consomem energia no dia-a-dia em sua casa? Quantas horas tem o aquecimento ligado? Quando costumam cozinhar, mais com g\u00e1s ou com eletricidade? Depois, pergunt\u00e1mos como se deslocavam, se costumavam usar o carro (questionamos: qual o destino e quanto tempo demora nas suas viagens?), ou se andavam de bicicleta.
\nFoi a primeira vez que se fez um estudo com tantos m\u00e9todos diferentes. Normalmente ficamos apenas pelos inqu\u00e9ritos e as estat\u00edsticas existentes.<\/p>\n

O que fizeram com tantos dados?
\n<\/strong>Foram definidas medidas concretas! Por exemplo, foi constru\u00eddo em \u00c9vora sete quil\u00f3metros de uma ciclovia. Acompanh\u00e1mos o projeto durante cinco anos. Pergunt\u00e1mos quandos quil\u00f3metros foram constru\u00eddos e quantas pessoas usaram as bicicletas. Foram disponibilizadas bicicletas p\u00fablicas e feito o levantamento de quantas pessoas as usaram.<\/p>\n

Food is also part of the ecological footprint.<\/strong>
\nWe didn\u2019t count food, only the energy consumption in other sectors: residential housing, public and private transport, passengers and freight and public and private service buildings, including municipal services, theatres and the museum.
\nWe recorded and compared the total electricity consumption in \u00c9vora from 2014 to 2015. We then looked at how much electricity was consumed in homes, universities or other buildings that consumed more. It\u2019s not at all easy and it\u2019s not just about wanting to reduce consumption: you have to become aware of where you’ve consumed the most… It’s a lot of work<\/p>\n

How did you get the numbers and their respective answers?<\/strong>
\nWe asked a huge number of different organisations and people… We tried to understand a lot of things about the process.<\/p>\n

\"sofia<\/a><\/div>\n

Uma ciclovia ainda n\u00e3o garante a mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o do CO2.
\n<\/strong>Estavam previstos outros investimentos at\u00e9 2030. Foi institu\u00edda a redu\u00e7\u00e3o da velocidade na maioria das zonas residenciais do centro hist\u00f3rico para 30 km\/h. V\u00e3o mudar a ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o da via p\u00fablica para 100% LED. Para os munic\u00edpios \u00e9 importante mudar para candeeiros de ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica que s\u00e3o mais eficientes. \u00c9 f\u00e1cil justificar e controlar quanto dinheiro foi gasto.
\nTamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o \u00e9 muito dif\u00edcil dentro de cada cidade a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade atrav\u00e9s de fontes de energia renov\u00e1vel. Para instalar um painel fotovoltaico, grande ou pequeno, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio pedir uma autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o. Em Portugal, esta \u00e9 entregue \u00e0 Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Energia, organizadas por cada munic\u00edpio. O munic\u00edpio decide instalar pain\u00e9is fotovoltaicos em todas as escolas prim\u00e1rias. S\u00e3o medidas que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o muito aplicadas e foi isto que tentamos mudar com este projeto.
\nN\u00e3o h\u00e1 uma cultura de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o na Administra\u00e7\u00e3o P\u00fablica. A gest\u00e3o das cidades tem de ser feita com base no que se pretende para o seu futuro, o trabalho de redu\u00e7\u00e3o das emiss\u00f5es tem obrigatoriamente que come\u00e7ar. Esperemos que desde o ano base at\u00e9 2030 consigamos reduzir 22 por cento de CO2 com a mudan\u00e7a da frota para autocarros que funcionam com energia limpa.
\nEsperemos que a percentagem de energias renov\u00e1veis no consumo final de energia em 2030 registe uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o de cerca de 20 por cento e que a redu\u00e7\u00e3o em emiss\u00f5es per capita possa ser de sete por cento.<\/p>\n

Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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It is February 2019. We are exchanging ideas with Dr Sofia Sim\u00f5es, an environmental engineer. She is 48 years old, married, and the mother of two children, aged nine and thirteen. 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